ਪੰਜਾਬੀਯੂਨੀpunjabiuni
Calculus Volume 3

Chapter 6

੨੯੪ ਪੈਰੇ · 294 paragraphs

ਮਸ਼ੀਨੀ ਅਨੁਵਾਦ · ਬਿਨਾਂ ਜਾਂਚਇਹ ਮਸ਼ੀਨੀ ਅਨੁਵਾਦ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਅਜੇ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਸਮੀਖਿਆ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋਈ। ਇਸਨੂੰ ਅੰਤਿਮ, ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣਿਤ ਅਨੁਵਾਦ ਦੀ ਬਜਾਏ ਕੰਮ ਅਧੀਨ ਖਰੜਾ ਸਮਝ ਕੇ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ।Machine-translated, not yet reviewed by a human. Read it as a working draft, not a settled translation — Sikhi.io (Punjabi Classics Pipeline) · google/gemini-2.5-flash-lite.

ਚੌਕੀ

12 i − j 12 i − j

ਘੁੰਮਣਹਾਰ

6565 ਮੀ/ਸੈ

ਨਹੀਂ।

–1.49063 × 10 −18 , 4.96876 × 10 −19 , –9.93752 × 10 −19 N

ਨਹੀਂ

∇ f = v

P y = x ≠ Q x = −2 x y

ਨਹੀਂ

2 2

2 10 π + 2 10 π 2

ਦੋਵੇਂ ਰੇਖਾ ਸਮਾਕਲ −1000303.−1000303. ਦੇ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਹਨ।

4 17

∫ C F · T d s

−26

0

182π2 ਕਿਲੋਗ੍ਰਾਮ

3/2

2 π

0

ਹਾਂ

ਚਿੱਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਖੇਤਰ ਜੁੜਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ। ਚਿੱਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਖੇਤਰ ਸਧਾਰਨ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਜੁੜਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ।

2

If C1C1 and C2C2 represent the two curves, then ∫C1F·dr≠∫C2F·dr.∫C1F·dr≠∫C2F·dr.

f ( x , y ) = e x y 3 + x y f ( x , y ) = e x y 3 + x y

f ( x , y , z ) = 4 x 3 + sin y cos z + z f ( x , y , z ) = 4 x 3 + sin y cos z + z

f ( x , y , z ) = G x 2 + y 2 + z 2 f ( x , y , z ) = G x 2 + y 2 + z 2

It is conservative.

−10 π −10 π

Negative

45 2 45 2

2 3 2 3

3 π 2 3 π 2

g ( x , y ) = − x cos y g ( x , y ) = − x cos y

No

105 π 105 π

y − z 2 y − z 2

Yes

All points on line y=1.y=1.

− i − i

curl v = 0 curl v = 0

No

Yes

Cylinder x2+y2=4x2+y2=4

Cone x2+y2=z2x2+y2=z2

r(u,v)=〈ucosv,usinv,u〉,r(u,v)=〈ucosv,usinv,u〉, 0<u<∞,0≤v<π20<u<∞,0≤v<π2

Yes

≈ 43.02 ≈ 43.02

With the standard parameterization of a cylinder, Equation 6.18 shows that the surface area is 2πrh.2πrh.

2 π ( 2 + sinh −1 ( 1 ) ) 2 π ( 2 + sinh −1 ( 1 ) )

24

0

38.401 π ≈ 120.640 38.401 π ≈ 120.640

N ( x , y ) = 〈 − y 1 + x 2 + y 2 , − x 1 + x 2 + y 2 , 1 1 + x 2 + y 2 〉 N ( x , y ) = 〈 − y 1 + x 2 + y 2 , − x 1 + x 2 + y 2 , 1 1 + x 2 + y 2 〉

0

400 kg/sec/m

− 440 π 3 − 440 π 3

Both integrals give 00

− π − π

3 2 3 2

curl E = 〈 x , y , −2 z 〉 curl E = 〈 x , y , −2 z 〉

Both integrals equal 6π.6π.

30

9 ln ( 16 ) 9 ln ( 16 )

≈ 6.777 × 10 9 ≈ 6.777 × 10 9

Section 6.1 Exercises

Vectors

False

F ( x , y ) = sin ( y ) i + ( x cos y − sin y ) j F ( x , y ) = sin ( y ) i + ( x cos y − sin y ) j

F ( x , y , z ) = ( 2 x y + y ) i + ( x 2 + x + 2 y z ) j + y 2 k F ( x , y , z ) = ( 2 x y + y ) i + ( x 2 + x + 2 y z ) j + y 2 k

F ( x , y ) = ( 2 x 1 + x 2 + 2 y 2 ) i + ( 4 y 1 + x 2 + 2 y 2 ) j F ( x , y ) = ( 2 x 1 + x 2 + 2 y 2 ) i + ( 4 y 1 + x 2 + 2 y 2 ) j

F ( x , y ) = ( 1 − x ) i − y j ( 1 − x ) 2 + y 2 F ( x , y ) = ( 1 − x ) i − y j ( 1 − x ) 2 + y 2

F ( x , y ) = - x i − y j x 2 + y 2 F ( x , y ) = - x i − y j x 2 + y 2

F ( x , y ) = y i − x j F ( x , y ) = y i − x j

F ( x , y ) = −10 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 3 / 2 ( x i + y j ) F ( x , y ) = −10 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 3 / 2 ( x i + y j )

E = c x 2 + y 2 x 2 + y 2 = c x 2 + y 2 = c r E = c x 2 + y 2 x 2 + y 2 = c x 2 + y 2 = c r

c ′ ( t ) = ( cos t , − sin t , e − t ) = F ( c ( t ) ) c ′ ( t ) = ( cos t , − sin t , e − t ) = F ( c ( t ) )

H

d. −F+G−F+G

a. F+GF+G

Section 6.2 Exercises

True

False

False

∫ C ( x − y ) d s = 10 ∫ C ( x − y ) d s = 10

∫ C x y 4 d s = 8192 5 ∫ C x y 4 d s = 8192 5

W = 8 W = 8

W = 3 π 4 W = 3 π 4

W = π W = π

∫ C F · d r = 4 ∫ C F · d r = 4

∫ C y z d x + x z d y + x y d z = −1 ∫ C y z d x + x z d y + x y d z = −1

∫ C ( y 2 ) d x + ( x ) d y = 245 6 ∫ C ( y 2 ) d x + ( x ) d y = 245 6

∫ C x y d x + y d y = 190 3 ∫ C x y d x + y d y = 190 3

∫ C y 2 x 2 − y 2 d s = 2 ln 5 ∫ C y 2 x 2 − y 2 d s = 2 ln 5

W = −66 W = −66

W = −10 π 2 W = −10 π 2

W = 2 W = 2

a. W=11;W=11; b. W=394;W=394; c. No

W = 2 π W = 2 π

∫ C x y d s = 25 5 + 1 120 ∫ C x y d s = 25 5 + 1 120

∫ C y 2 d x + ( x y − x 2 ) d y = 6.15 ∫ C y 2 d x + ( x y − x 2 ) d y = 6.15

∫ γ x e y d s ≈ 7.157 ∫ γ x e y d s ≈ 7.157

∫ γ ( y 2 − x y ) d x ≈ −1.379 ∫ γ ( y 2 − x y ) d x ≈ −1.379

∫ C F · d r ≈ −1.133 ∫ C F · d r ≈ −1.133

∫ C F · d r ≈ 2 2 . 8 5 7 ∫ C F · d r ≈ 2 2 . 8 5 7

flux = − 1 3 flux = − 1 3

flux = −20 flux = −20

flux = 0 flux = 0

m = 4 π ρ 5 m = 4 π ρ 5

W = 0 W = 0

W = k 2 W = k 2

Section 6.3 Exercises

True

True

∫ C F · d r = 24 ∫ C F · d r = 24

∫ C F · d r = e − 3 π 2 ∫ C F · d r = e − 3 π 2

Not conservative

Conservative, f(x,y)=3x2+5xy+2y2f(x,y)=3x2+5xy+2y2

Conservative, f(x,y)=yex+xsin(y)f(x,y)=yex+xsin(y)

∫ C ( 2 y d x + 2 x d y ) = 32 ∫ C ( 2 y d x + 2 x d y ) = 32

F ( x , y ) = ( 10 x + 3 y ) i + ( 3 x + 20 y ) j F ( x , y ) = ( 10 x + 3 y ) i + ( 3 x + 20 y ) j

F is not conservative.

F is conservative and a potential function is f(x,y,z)=xyez.f(x,y,z)=xyez.

F is conservative and a potential function is f(x,y,z)=z2–z–xy.f(x,y,z)=z2–z–xy.

F is conservative and a potential function is f(x,y,z)=x2y+y2z.f(x,y,z)=x2y+y2z.

F is conservative and a potential function is f(x,y)=ex2yf(x,y)=ex2y

∫ C F · d r = e 2 + 1 ∫ C F · d r = e 2 + 1

∫ C F · d r = -2 ∫ C F · d r = -2

∫ C 1 G · d r = −8 π ∫ C 1 G · d r = −8 π

∫ C 2 G · d r = 7 ∫ C 2 G · d r = 7

∫ C F · d r = 159 ∫ C F · d r = 159

∫ C F · d r = −1 ∫ C F · d r = −1

4 × 10 29 erg 4 × 10 29 erg

∫ C F · d r ≈ 2 . 9923 ∫ C F · d r ≈ 2 . 9923

circulation = π a 2 and flux = 0 circulation = π a 2 and flux = 0

Section 6.4 Exercises

∫ C 2 x y d x + ( x + y ) d y = 32 3 ∫ C 2 x y d x + ( x + y ) d y = 32 3

∫ C sin x cos y d x + ( x y + cos x sin y ) d y = 1 12 ∫ C sin x cos y d x + ( x y + cos x sin y ) d y = 1 12

∫ C ( − y d x + x d y ) = π ∫ C ( − y d x + x d y ) = π

∫ C x e −2 x d x + ( x 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 ) d y = 0 ∫ C x e −2 x d x + ( x 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 ) d y = 0

∫Cy3dx−x3ydy=−20π∫Cy3dx−x3ydy=−20π

∫ C − x 2 y d x + x y 2 d y = 8 π ∫ C − x 2 y d x + x y 2 d y = 8 π

∫ C ( x 2 + y 2 ) d x + 2 x y d y = 0 ∫ C ( x 2 + y 2 ) d x + 2 x y d y = 0

A = 19 π A = 19 π

A = 3 π 8 A = 3 π 8

∫ C + ( y 2 + x 3 ) d x + x 4 d y = 0 ∫ C + ( y 2 + x 3 ) d x + x 4 d y = 0

A = 9 π 8 A = 9 π 8

A = 8 3 5 A = 8 3 5

∫ C ( x 2 y − 2 x y + y 2 ) d s = 1 2 ∫ C ( x 2 y − 2 x y + y 2 ) d s = 1 2

∫ C x d x + y d y x 2 + y 2 = 0 ∫ C x d x + y d y x 2 + y 2 = 0

W = 225 2 W = 225 2

W = 12 π W = 12 π

W = 2 π W = 2 π

∫ C y 2 d x + x 2 d y = 1 3 ∫ C y 2 d x + x 2 d y = 1 3

∫ C 1 + x 3 d x + 2 x y d y = -3 ∫ C 1 + x 3 d x + 2 x y d y = -3

∫ C ( 3 y − e sin x ) d x + ( 7 x + y 4 + 1 ) d y = 36 π ∫ C ( 3 y − e sin x ) d x + ( 7 x + y 4 + 1 ) d y = 36 π

∫ C F · d r = 2 ∫ C F · d r = 2

∫ C ( y + x ) d x + ( x + sin y ) d y = 0 ∫ C ( y + x ) d x + ( x + sin y ) d y = 0

∫ C x y d x + x 3 y 3 d y = 22 21 ∫ C x y d x + x 3 y 3 d y = 22 21

∫ C F · d r = 15 π 4 ∫ C F · d r = 15 π 4

∫ C sin ( x + y ) d x + cos ( x + y ) d y = 4 ∫ C sin ( x + y ) d x + cos ( x + y ) d y = 4

∫ C F · d r = π ∫ C F · d r = π

∫ C F · N ^ d s = 4 ∫ C F · N ^ d s = 4

∫ C F · N d s = 0 ∫ C F · N d s = 0

∫ C [ − y 3 + sin ( x y ) + x y cos ( x y ) ] d x + [ x 3 + x 2 cos ( x y ) ] d y = 4.7124 ∫ C [ − y 3 + sin ( x y ) + x y cos ( x y ) ] d x + [ x 3 + x 2 cos ( x y ) ] d y = 4.7124

∫ C ( y + e x ) d x + ( 2 x + cos ( y 2 ) ) d y = 1 3 ∫ C ( y + e x ) d x + ( 2 x + cos ( y 2 ) ) d y = 1 3

Section 6.5 Exercises

False

True

True

curl F = i + x 2 j + y 2 k curl F = i + x 2 j + y 2 k

curl F = ( x z 2 − x y 2 ) i + ( x 2 y − y z 2 ) j + ( y 2 z − x 2 z ) k curl F = ( x z 2 − x y 2 ) i + ( x 2 y − y z 2 ) j + ( y 2 z − x 2 z ) k

curl F = i + j + k curl F = i + j + k

curl F = − y i − z j − x k curl F = − y i − z j − x k

curl F = 0 curl F = 0

div F = 3 y z 2 + 2 y sin z + 2 x e 2 z div F = 3 y z 2 + 2 y sin z + 2 x e 2 z

div F = 2 ( x + y + z ) div F = 2 ( x + y + z )

div F = 1 x 2 + y 2 div F = 1 x 2 + y 2

div F = a + b div F = a + b

div F = x + y + z div F = x + y + z

Harmonic

div ( F × G ) = 2 z + 3 x div ( F × G ) = 2 z + 3 x

div F = 2 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) div F = 2 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )

curl r = 0 curl r = 0

curl r r 3 = 0 curl r r 3 = 0

curl F = 2 x x 2 + y 2 k curl F = 2 x x 2 + y 2 k

div F = 0 div F = 0

div F = 2 − 2 e −6 div F = 2 − 2 e −6

div F = 0 div F = 0

curl F = j − 3 k curl F = j − 3 k

curl F = 2 j − k curl F = 2 j − k

a = 3 a = 3

F is conservative.

div F = cosh x + sinh y − x y div F = cosh x + sinh y − x y

( b z − c y ) i + ( c x − a z ) j + ( a y − b x ) k ( b z − c y ) i + ( c x − a z ) j + ( a y − b x ) k

curl F = 2 ω curl F = 2 ω

F×GF×G does not have zero divergence.

∇ · F = −200 k [ 1 + 2 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) ] e − x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ∇ · F = −200 k [ 1 + 2 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) ] e − x 2 + y 2 + z 2

Section 6.6 Exercises

True

True

r(u,v)=〈u,v,2−3u+2v〉r(u,v)=〈u,v,2−3u+2v〉 for −∞≤u<∞−∞≤u<∞ and −∞≤v<∞.−∞≤v<∞.

r(u,v)=〈u,v,13(16−2u+4v)〉r(u,v)=〈u,v,13(16−2u+4v)〉 for |u|<∞|u|<∞ and |v|<∞.|v|<∞.

r(u,v)=〈3cosu,3sinu,v〉r(u,v)=〈3cosu,3sinu,v〉 for 0≤u≤π2,0≤v≤30≤u≤π2,0≤v≤3

A = 28 π = 87.9646 A = 28 π = 87.9646

∬ S z d S = 8 π ∬ S z d S = 8 π

∬ S ( x 2 + y 2 ) z d S = 16 π ∬ S ( x 2 + y 2 ) z d S = 16 π

∬ S F · N d S = 4 π 3 ∬ S F · N d S = 4 π 3

m ≈ 13.0639 m ≈ 13.0639

m ≈ 228.5313 m ≈ 228.5313

∬ S g d S = 3 14 ∬ S g d S = 3 14

∬ S ( x - y 2 + z ) d S ≈ 0.9617 ∬ S ( x - y 2 + z ) d S ≈ 0.9617

∬ S ( x 2 + y 2 ) d S = 4 π 3 ∬ S ( x 2 + y 2 ) d S = 4 π 3

∬ S x 2 z d S = 1023 π 2 5 ∬ S x 2 z d S = 1023 π 2 5

∬ S ( z + y ) d S ≈ 10.1 ∬ S ( z + y ) d S ≈ 10.1

m = π a 3 m = π a 3

∬ S F · N d S = 13 24 ∬ S F · N d S = 13 24

∬ S F · N d S = 3 4 ∬ S F · N d S = 3 4

∫ 0 8 ∫ 0 6 ( 4 − 3 y + 1 16 y 2 + z ) ( 1 4 17 ) d z d y ∫ 0 8 ∫ 0 6 ( 4 − 3 y + 1 16 y 2 + z ) ( 1 4 17 ) d z d y

∫ 0 2 ∫ 0 6 [ x 2 − 2 ( 8 − 4 x ) + z ] 17 d z d x ∫ 0 2 ∫ 0 6 [ x 2 − 2 ( 8 − 4 x ) + z ] 17 d z d x

∬ S ( x 2 z + y 2 z ) d S = π a 5 2 ∬ S ( x 2 z + y 2 z ) d S = π a 5 2

∬ S x 2 y z d S = 171 14 ∬ S x 2 y z d S = 171 14

∬ S y z d S = 2 π 4 ∬ S y z d S = 2 π 4

∬ S ( x i + y j ) · d S = 16 π ∬ S ( x i + y j ) · d S = 16 π

m = π a 7 192 m = π a 7 192

F ≈ 4.57 lb . F ≈ 4.57 lb .

8 π a 8 π a

The net flux is zero.

Section 6.7 Exercises

∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = π a 2 ∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = π a 2

∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = 18 π ∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = 18 π

∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = −8 π ∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = −8 π

∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = 0 ∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = 0

∫ C F · d r = 0 ∫ C F · d r = 0

∫ s F · d r = - 3 π ≈ - 9 . 4248 ∫ s F · d r = - 3 π ≈ - 9 . 4248

∬ S curl F · d S = 0 ∬ S curl F · d S = 0

∬ S curl F · d S = 2.6667 ∬ S curl F · d S = 2.6667

∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = − 1 6 ∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = − 1 6

∫ C ( 1 2 y 2 d x + z d y + x d z ) = − π 4 ∫ C ( 1 2 y 2 d x + z d y + x d z ) = − π 4

∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = 3 π ∬ S ( curl F · N ) d S = 3 π

∫ C ( c k × R ) · d r = 2 π c ∫ C ( c k × R ) · d r = 2 π c

∬ S curl F · d S = 0 ∬ S curl F · d S = 0

∫ C F · d r = −4 ∫ C F · d r = −4

∬ S curl F · d S = 0 ∬ S curl F · d S = 0

∬ S curl F · d S = −36 π ∬ S curl F · d S = −36 π

∬ S curl F · d S = 0 ∬ S curl F · d S = 0

∫ C F · d r = 0 ∫ C F · d r = 0

∬ S curl ( F ) · d S = 84.8230 ∬ S curl ( F ) · d S = 84.8230

A = ∬ S curl F · d S = 0 A = ∬ S curl F · d S = 0

∬ S curl F · d S = 2 π ∬ S curl F · d S = 2 π

C = π ( cos φ − sin φ ) C = π ( cos φ − sin φ )

∫ C F · d r = 48 π ∫ C F · d r = 48 π

∬ S curl F · d S = 0 ∬ S curl F · d S = 0

0

Section 6.8 Exercises

∫ S F · N d s = 24 π ≈ 75.3982 ∫ S F · N d s = 24 π ≈ 75.3982

∫ S F · N d s = 243 π 2 ≈ 381 . 704 ∫ S F · N d s = 243 π 2 ≈ 381 . 704

∫ S F · N d s = 12 π ≈ 37.6991 ∫ S F · N d s = 12 π ≈ 37.6991

∫ S F · N d s = 9 π a 4 2 ∫ S F · N d s = 9 π a 4 2

∬ S F · d S = 4 π 3 ∬ S F · d S = 4 π 3

∬ S F · d S = 0 ∬ S F · d S = 0

∬ S F · d S = 384 π 5 ≈ 241.2743 ∬ S F · d S = 384 π 5 ≈ 241.2743

∬DF·dS=∬DF·dS= Net flux =0=0; flux through the paraboloid =–π=–π

∬ S F · d S = 2 π 3 ∬ S F · d S = 2 π 3

16 6 π 16 6 π

− 128 π 3 − 128 π 3

– 224 π ≈ −703.7168 – 224 π ≈ −703.7168

20

∬ S F · d S = 8 ∬ S F · d S = 8

∬ S F · N d S = 1 8 ∬ S F · N d S = 1 8

∬ S ‖ R ‖ R · n d S = 4 π a 4 ∬ S ‖ R ‖ R · n d S = 4 π a 4

∭ R z 2 d V = 4 π 15 ∭ R z 2 d V = 4 π 15

∬ S F · d S = 3 e - 2 + 1 2 sin 1 ≈ 6.5759 ∬ S F · d S = 3 e - 2 + 1 2 sin 1 ≈ 6.5759

∬ S F · d S = 21 ∬ S F · d S = 21

∬ S F · d S = 72 ∬ S F · d S = 72

∬ S F · d S = - 32 π 3 ≈ −33.5103 ∬ S F · d S = - 32 π 3 ≈ −33.5103

∬ S F · d S = π a 4 b 2 ∬ S F · d S = π a 4 b 2

∬ S F · d S = 5 π 2 ∬ S F · d S = 5 π 2

∬ S F · d S = 21 π 2 ∬ S F · d S = 21 π 2

e - 1 - 1 e - 1 - 1

Review Exercises

False

False

Conservative, f(x,y)=xy−2eyf(x,y)=xy−2ey

Conservative, f(x,y,z)=x2y+y2z+z2xf(x,y,z)=x2y+y2z+z2x

− 16 3 − 16 3

32 2 9 ( 3 3 − 1 ) 32 2 9 ( 3 3 − 1 )

Divergence: ex+xexy+xyexyz,ex+xexy+xyexyz, curl: xzexyzi−yzexyzj+yexykxzexyzi−yzexyzj+yexyk

−18 π −18 π

− π − π

24 π 24 π

2 ( 2 2 + π ) = 4 + π 2 2 ( 2 2 + π ) = 4 + π 2

8 π / 3 8 π / 3